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1 Tufts
In a well-conditioned sheep the wool hairs are usually stuck together in " tufts " or " locks " containing a hundred or more fibres. Often several locks are connected into one large one, called a " staple," the hairs joining the locks together being known as " binders." -
2 Binders Of Wool
In well-cultivated sheep the wool-hairs are usually united in " tufts " or " locks " containing a hundred or more fibres. Often several locks are connected into one large one, called a "staple," the hairs joining the locks being known as " binders." The number of hairs growing in each square inch of the sheep's skin is between 4,500 and 5,500. The binders run obliquely, crossing several staples, and it is due to this clustering that the fleece can be removed in unbroken form (Mathews) -
3 Staple
A wool-sorting term denoting whether the wool is of sufficient strength and the fibres sound enough for making warp yarn. A collection of several tufts of wool connected together by a binder (see Tufts (wool) ———————— A term indicating the average spinning length of the fibres in a sample of raw cotton or wool, e.g., cotton may be spoken of as 1-in. staple; (2) staple fabrics is a term used for fabrics that are usually in demand. -
4 ספוג
סְפוֹגm. ( ספג, cmp. ספח) a porous luxuriant growth, mushroom; sponge, any sponge-like material; wiper. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a (in Chald. dict.) ההן דגזז ס׳וכ׳ he who cuts mushrooms etc. (on the Sabbath) is guilty of the acts of harvesting and of planting (the cutting being the means of advancing the growth). B. Kam. 115b; Succ.50a; Yalk. Mal. 587 ארס … דומה לס׳וכ׳ the venom of the serpent (on top of liquids) resembles a fungus (Ar.: a veil-like growth on the head of a certain sea-fish) and remains floating ; (Y.Ter.VII, 45d bot. עומד כסבכה, v. סְבָכָה). Kel. IX, 4 ס׳ שבלעוכ׳ a mushroom which has absorbed unclean liquids, though it is dry on the outside etc. Sabb.XXI, 3 ס׳ אם יש לו עורוכ׳ a sponge (used for sucking up liquids), if it has leather handles etc. Tosef. ib. V (VI), 3 ס׳ שע׳׳ג המכה an absorbent substance (wool) put on a wound. Y. ib. XVII, 15c top ונתן עליה ס׳ יבש and he put on it a dry sucker (compress); Lev. R. s. 15; Lam. R. to IV, 20; a. fr.Ab. V, 15 ס׳ שהוא סופגוכ׳ (a scholar indiscriminately cramming his mind is called) a sponge, because he absorbs every thing.Pl. סְפוֹגִים, סְפוֹגִין. Y.Yeb.XVI, 15d top רצו לחתוך ס׳ (divers) wanted to cut sponges. Sabb.129b ס׳ של צמר tufts of wool; (Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 3 כסות). Ab. Zar.18a הביאו ס׳ של צמדוכ׳ they took tufts of wool, soaked them with water, and put them on his heart; a. e.Σπόγγος, σφόγγος seems to be of Semitic origin. -
5 סְפוֹג
סְפוֹגm. ( ספג, cmp. ספח) a porous luxuriant growth, mushroom; sponge, any sponge-like material; wiper. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a (in Chald. dict.) ההן דגזז ס׳וכ׳ he who cuts mushrooms etc. (on the Sabbath) is guilty of the acts of harvesting and of planting (the cutting being the means of advancing the growth). B. Kam. 115b; Succ.50a; Yalk. Mal. 587 ארס … דומה לס׳וכ׳ the venom of the serpent (on top of liquids) resembles a fungus (Ar.: a veil-like growth on the head of a certain sea-fish) and remains floating ; (Y.Ter.VII, 45d bot. עומד כסבכה, v. סְבָכָה). Kel. IX, 4 ס׳ שבלעוכ׳ a mushroom which has absorbed unclean liquids, though it is dry on the outside etc. Sabb.XXI, 3 ס׳ אם יש לו עורוכ׳ a sponge (used for sucking up liquids), if it has leather handles etc. Tosef. ib. V (VI), 3 ס׳ שע׳׳ג המכה an absorbent substance (wool) put on a wound. Y. ib. XVII, 15c top ונתן עליה ס׳ יבש and he put on it a dry sucker (compress); Lev. R. s. 15; Lam. R. to IV, 20; a. fr.Ab. V, 15 ס׳ שהוא סופגוכ׳ (a scholar indiscriminately cramming his mind is called) a sponge, because he absorbs every thing.Pl. סְפוֹגִים, סְפוֹגִין. Y.Yeb.XVI, 15d top רצו לחתוך ס׳ (divers) wanted to cut sponges. Sabb.129b ס׳ של צמר tufts of wool; (Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 3 כסות). Ab. Zar.18a הביאו ס׳ של צמדוכ׳ they took tufts of wool, soaked them with water, and put them on his heart; a. e.Σπόγγος, σφόγγος seems to be of Semitic origin. -
6 Carpets
The principal types are Axminster, Brussels and Wilton, and brief particulars of each are given below. A more detailed description is given under each name. Axminster is a cut fabric made any width and with any number of colours. It is not produced on a jacquard, therefore the pile does not show on the back. The design is developed by a series of tufts which are bound into the fabric, every tuft is on the surface and only the foundation cloth is seen at the back. There are two principal varieties of these carpets, the Chenille Axminster and the Machine tufted Axminster. The Chenille type is made by two distinct operations, that of manufacturing the chenille weft and that of weaving the carpet with this weft. The " fur or chenille is first woven on an ordinary loom (see chenille) and when cut into the strips is used as weft with a linen, jute or folded cotton warp. The chenille is made preferably with the leno way of shedding in order to bind the wool yarn more firmly. All the figuring weft is on the surface and not embedded in the fabric. The chenille weft is often inserted by hand, but several mechanical methods for doing the work are now in use. From three to six tufts per inch are usual. The chenille Axminster Carpet is also known as the Patent Axminster carpet. The machine-tufted type or Royal Axminster is also formed from pile tufts previously prepared and afterwards woven in the ground warp and bound into the fabric with a binding weft. The tufts may be inserted by hand and the pile is all on the surface of the fabric. This pile is a warp product, whereas for the chenille variety it is weft. Axminster carpets are a product of skill and patience and any number of colours can be used. There are several varieties of machine-made axminster carpets. Wilton is a cut pile fabric woven 27-in. wide from not more than six colours, the yarns are fine counts and design produced by jacquards. Brussels is made almost in the same way as a Wilton, but the pile is not cut and this shows as loops on the face. The yarn is much coarser than for Wiltons. Kidderminster - A carpet made from two or more plain cloths woven together. Each cloth is brought on the face for figuring as required. Turkish - These are hand made. The pile is put into the ground warp by hand as tufts and knotted round them according to pattern. There are two picks of ground weft between each row of pile. Tapestry - Carpets woven from printed warps. The pile is cut or left uncut as required for the design. Persian - Carpets similar to Turkish, being hand made. See also Axminster, Brussels, Kidderminster, Persian Tapestry, Turkish, Wilton Carpets, Body Brussels, Brusselette, Ingrain. -
7 פוקרין
פוֹקָרִיןm. (ποκάριον) lock or tuft of wool (used as lint on a wound). Tosef.Sabb.V (VI), 2; Sabb.50a בפוק׳ Ms. M. (ed. בפקו׳; Ms. O. בפיקור׳; corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 77 נטל … פ׳וכ׳ Jacob … took a tuft of wool and stuck it in his throat; Yalk. ib. 132 פוקרי (corr. acc.); Cant. R. to III, 6 נטל פרקדין וכרכווכ׳ (corr. acc.) he took (a rope of) wool and wound it around his neck. Koh. R. to X, 16 אילו הייתי שם פ׳וכ׳ (not פי׳) had I been there, I should have tied a rope of wool around his (Solomons) neck; Yalk. Kings 175 פקרין (corr. acc). Y.Erub.X, beg.26a כמין פ׳ היו בידו (not פיקרין) the Tfillin were in his hand (bundled up) like a tuft of wool (put on a wound). Tosef.Kil.V, 23 הפקרית והציפהוכ׳ (corr. acc.) lint (for wounds) and wool tufts are not subject to the law concerning mixture of wool and flax ( כלאים). -
8 פוֹקָרִין
פוֹקָרִיןm. (ποκάριον) lock or tuft of wool (used as lint on a wound). Tosef.Sabb.V (VI), 2; Sabb.50a בפוק׳ Ms. M. (ed. בפקו׳; Ms. O. בפיקור׳; corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 77 נטל … פ׳וכ׳ Jacob … took a tuft of wool and stuck it in his throat; Yalk. ib. 132 פוקרי (corr. acc.); Cant. R. to III, 6 נטל פרקדין וכרכווכ׳ (corr. acc.) he took (a rope of) wool and wound it around his neck. Koh. R. to X, 16 אילו הייתי שם פ׳וכ׳ (not פי׳) had I been there, I should have tied a rope of wool around his (Solomons) neck; Yalk. Kings 175 פקרין (corr. acc). Y.Erub.X, beg.26a כמין פ׳ היו בידו (not פיקרין) the Tfillin were in his hand (bundled up) like a tuft of wool (put on a wound). Tosef.Kil.V, 23 הפקרית והציפהוכ׳ (corr. acc.) lint (for wounds) and wool tufts are not subject to the law concerning mixture of wool and flax ( כלאים). -
9 Binders
The hairs joining several tufts of wool together in the fleece (see Tufts) -
10 פקולין
פְּקוֹלִיןm. pl. (פָּקַל; cmp. פּוּקְלָא) cotton tufts. Nidd.17a בפ׳ או בצמרוכ׳ (some ed. בפוקלין) with cotton tufts or with wool clean and soft. Ib. (Chald.) מאן בעי פ׳ דנהמא Ar. (ed. פְּקוֹלֵי בנ׳) who wants cotton tufts for the bed (v. נַהֲמָא)? -
11 פְּקוֹלִין
פְּקוֹלִיןm. pl. (פָּקַל; cmp. פּוּקְלָא) cotton tufts. Nidd.17a בפ׳ או בצמרוכ׳ (some ed. בפוקלין) with cotton tufts or with wool clean and soft. Ib. (Chald.) מאן בעי פ׳ דנהמא Ar. (ed. פְּקוֹלֵי בנ׳) who wants cotton tufts for the bed (v. נַהֲמָא)? -
12 Chinchilla
An overcoating cloth made from long fibre wool, with a rough face, but is soft and warm. The roughness is produced by small tufts in the yarn. It is a double cloth in twill weave, about 56 in wide. One warp and the wefts are wool, and a stitching warp of cotton is used. Two or more wefts may be used according to the weight required. The yarn is spun trom 10 per cent white and 90 per cent black wool and the mixture must be perfect. The loom width is 731/2-in. The back cloth may be plain dye or in plaid effects. The stitching warp is usually worsted yarn (see cut Chinchilla) -
13 Kurdistan Rugs
Persian hand-made all wool rugs of fine structure. The pattern "Mina Khani " is the favourite design, but the "Herati" is often used. The borders are three simple stripes. The warp is wool and the weft of coarse wool crosses twice between each row of tufts which are tied in Ghiordes knot. The fringe at each end is braided and coloured; colours are mainly brown with blue. -
14 Shiraz Rugs
Persian hand-made rugs, all wool and in all sizes. The designs are varied, but the " pear " (see Rugs) is the commonest with the " comb " and " octagon " frequently used. Borders have five or more stripes, the warp is all wool, the weft is pink dyed wool and crosses twice between each row of tufts which are tied in Ghiordes or Senna knots. The ends are fringed and coloured, and sides are " double-overcasted " in different coloured yarns. -
15 Patent Axminster Carpets
A superior class of carpet made on the chenille principle. They are made to any width and length, with borders and cross borders, and woven in one piece. Four or five warps are used of hemp, cotton, and other fibres. The chenille weft is made with all the pile tufts projecting in one direction; about 7 picks per inch are inserted, with two ground picks of ordinary yarn between each two. The chenille is put in by hand, and then combed forward to get all the pile straight. This chenille has its tufts made from wool or silk noil on a super quality cotton base. The woven carpets are sheared to level the pile (see carpets)Dictionary of the English textile terms > Patent Axminster Carpets
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16 Persian Carpets
These are woven on hand looms by Persian and Indian natives. The looms are of very simple construction. There are rollers at the top and bottom of the frame, and on these are stretched the warp threads. Tufts of coloured woollen yarn are knotted on the warp threads and over each row of tufts a wool weft is passed and beaten well up for binding. The carpets are very costly, and of very elaborate designs and very durable. -
17 אניצי
adj. flocculent, woolly, wool-like, resembling tufts of hair or wool -
18 Hamadan Rugs
Persian rugs made of cotton foundation and a close wool pile tied with the Ghiordes knot. The pile yarn is largely composed of camel's hair with a little wool. The design consists of a centre medallion and corner spaces on a field of yellow or brown ground, together with floral patterns in blue and red. These carpets were so wonderful in quality and design that they were not laid on the floor, but hung up in galleries. There is only a single coarse cotton thread between each row of tufts or knots. -
19 Indian Carpets And Rugs
Carpets made by native Indians from wool, with silk inserted at times. Woven on native looms and entirely by hand. The colour and design are all in the weft. Colours are inserted as required by the design from bobbins, and in the form of small tufts. They are very expensive. The designs are chiefly floral in more or less natural form. There are large dead spaces of plain colour and the wool pile is dull and lustreless. They are hard wearing.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Indian Carpets And Rugs
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20 Khorassan Rugs
Medium and large size Persian rugs made of the Khorassan wool. The close and long fine wool pile is used in Senna knot. The pile is clipped to give an uneven surface. Magenta and blue colours predominate. Designs are usually composed of fish or palm effects. The palm leaf design is usually a small leaf in a larger one. Borders are trailing palm leaves. The rugs are of good quality. There are two picks between each row of tufts, and at intervals three or five picks.
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